Several physiological changes in the mother prepare her for childbirth and ensure adequate nutrition for the developing fetus. Relaxin increases cardiac output and renal blood flow in the mother and relaxes the pubic symphysis in childbirth. Human placental lactogen (somatomammotropin) shifts the mother’s metabolism to ensure an adequate supply of energy to the fetus. Oxygen consumption increases.
Weight gain is largely to increased protein, fat, and mineral storage. Appetite is increased. The breasts are enlarged. The abdominal contents compressed,causing more frequent urination and a greater feeling of urgency. Heartburn, constipation, nausea and vomiting are often experienced. Compression of the vvena cava compression may cause varicose veins, edema, and renal hypertension. Pigmentation changes in the skin are common.
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